Singapore, the Netherlands, Australia, Germany and Malaysia are on the leading edge of creating and maintaining 3D cadastres for their respective countries. 

A 3D cadastre is in the cards for Singapore for several reasions;

1. Land developers are being very creative and packaging complex volumetric parcels both underground and above ground.  
2. Current survey techniques cannot capture accurate 3D coordinates.  
3. The current 2D GIS used to capture and store cadastral information is unable to represent volumetric parcels.
4. All strata boundaries are not in the cadastral GIS, making it impossible to perform effective spatial planning for national development goals.

Underground space is heavily used and underground density is increasing.  Underground lots are getting very close to each other and accurate delineation of boundaries is required.

At the the Year in Infrastructure conference in London the Singapore Land Authority (SLA) is one of the finalists for the annual the Be Inspired Awards.  The SLA submission describes a SGD 8 million government initiative to create and maintain a high-resolution 3D map of Singapore, more than 700 square kilometers, which is the first step in the development of a 3D cadastre for Singapore.  Maintaining a 3D cadastre requires multi-user access to the 3D city model with secure processes for updating the 3D parcel mesh of the city.  It also requires maintaining accurate historical records of all changes to 3D property boundaries.

The project involved capturing large amounts of data using multiple rapid mapping technologies such as oblique imagery, airborne laser scanning, mobile laser scanning, and terrestrial scanning.  The data was compiled into 3D city model in a single (Oracle Spatial) repository. The total volume of data is more than 50 terabytes. The most challenging part of the project was the development of business processes and technologies for ensuring the data remains current.